Then, the assembled Space Shuttle vehicle is carried to the launch pad by a large tracked vehicle called the crawler-transporter. At the launch pad, final preflight and interface checks of the orbiter, its payloads and associated ground support equipment are conducted. Orbiter download mirror. Files hosted by orbiter-radio.co.uk. High-resolution texture packs. This texture repository contains high-resolution replacements of the planetary surface textures and elevation maps for Earth, Moon, Mars and some additional solar system objects. The shuttle arm has been updated to automatic control and displays similar to the SSRMS arm associated with the ISS fleet released as a separate package. This version has been compiled against the latest Orbiter version and Orbitersound V3.0. Included in this package is V3.9.3 of the Shuttle Training Aircraft and the latest version of the GPCMFD. So I've recently decided to retry orbiter 2010 and I was going to download shuttle fleet due to it being required by a mod but it appears to be missing.
The Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) program was a project by NASA to prepare for long-term (months) microgravity research aboard Space Station Freedom, which later evolved into the International Space Station. Scientists and NASA needed practical experience in managing progressively longer times for their experiments. The original Space Shuttle configuration usually provided a week to ten days of spaceflight. Several research projects and hardware components were part of the project, of which the EDO-pallet was one of the most visible, contracted by Rockwell International.[1]
The first orbiter outfitted with the EDO hardware configuration was Endeavour, during its construction, and its last EDO flight was STS-67, in 1995.[1][2]Endeavour's EDO modifications were removed in 1996 as part of routine maintenance, to reduce the orbiter's weight prior to STS-89.[1]Columbia was outfitted for EDO flight during its maintenance period from August 10, 1991, through February 9, 1992, prior to STS-50, which was the first EDO flight.[2][3] From 1992, through 1994, Atlantis went through a maintenance period, during which Atlantis was modified to have the provisions needed for EDO capability, but NASA chose not to proceed with the final modifications, and Atlantis never had EDO capability.[1] The EDO-pallet used in these orbiter configurations was destroyed in the Columbia accident.
EDO Pallet[edit]
The Extended Duration Orbiter Cryogenic kit (EDO-pallet or CRYO) was a 15-foot-diameter (4.6 m) equipment assembly which attached vertically to the payload bay rear bulkhead of an orbiter, and allowed the orbiter to support a flight of up to 16 days duration.[1] The equipment included cryogenic tanks, associated control panels, and avionics equipment. Although Atlantis was partially upgraded to accommodate the EDO, only Columbia and Endeavour actually flew with the pallet. The pallet made its debut on STS-50, and was lost on STS-107.[4]
Initially, NASA considered adding a second EDO pallet to Endeavour, placed in front of the first, for a total of thirteen tank sets, that would have allowed an orbiter to remain in space for 28 days, but managers decided against it when the International Space Station assembly began, and instead removed the EDO capability from the orbiter, to reduce its weight and allow it to carry more cargo to the ISS.[1][5]
No replacement for the pallet was planned, since the Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System provided much of the same abilities, and the 2011 retirement of the shuttle fleet made it redundant.
Specifications[edit]
The EDO tanks stored 368 pounds (167 kg) of liquid hydrogen at -418 degrees Fahrenheit (-250 °C), and 3,124 pounds (1,417 kg) of liquid oxygen at -285 degrees Fahrenheit (-176 °C). Total empty weight of the system was 3,571 pounds (1,620 kg). When filled with cryogens, the system weight was approximately 7,000 pounds (3.2 t).[1][6]
Use[edit]
Oxygen and hydrogen were supplied to the orbiter's three electrical power generating fuel cells, where they were converted into sufficient electrical energy to support the average 4 family-member house for approximately 6 months.[clarification needed] About 3,000 pounds of pure drinking water was also produced by the fuel cells.
Missions with the EDO pallet conducted research on microgravity, Life Sciences, Earth and celestial observations, and human adaptation to the low gravity environment.
The following missions used the EDO pallet:
| EDO Flight | Shuttle | Mission | Launch Date | Duration | Primary Payload(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Columbia | STS-50 | June 25, 1992 | 13 days, 19 hours, 30 minutes, 4 seconds | United States Microgravity Laboratory-1 |
| 2 | Columbia | STS-58 | October 18, 1993 | 14 days, 0 hours, 12 minutes, 32 seconds | Spacelab Life Sciences-2 |
| 3 | Columbia | STS-62 | March 4, 1994 | 13 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes, 41 seconds | United States Microgravity Payload-2 |
| 4 | Columbia | STS-65 | July 8, 1994 | 14 days, 17 hours, 55 minutes, 1 second | International Microgravity Laboratory-2 |
| 5 | Endeavour | STS-67 | March 2, 1995 | 16 days, 15 hours, 8 minutes, 48 seconds | ASTRO-2 |
| 6 | Columbia | STS-73 | October 20, 1995 | 15 days, 21 hours, 53 minutes, 16 seconds | United States Microgravity Laboratory-2 |
| 7 | Columbia | STS-75 | February 22, 1996 | 15 days, 17 hours, 40 minutes, 22 seconds | Tethered Satellite System-1R (reflight of Tethered Satellite System-1 on STS-46) United States Microgravity Payload-3 |
| 8 | Columbia | STS-78 | June 20, 1996 | 16 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes, 30 seconds | Life and Microgravity Spacelab |
| 9 | Columbia | STS-80 | November 19, 1996 | 17 days, 15 hours, 53 minutes, 18 seconds | Wake Shield Facility ORFEUS-SPAS II |
| 10 | Columbia | STS-83 | April 4, 1997 | 3 days, 23 hours, 13 minutes, 38 seconds | Microgravity Science Laboratory-1 (Mission ended early due to a problem with one of Columbia's fuel cells.[7]) |
| 11 | Columbia | STS-94 | July 1, 1997 | 15 days, 16 hours, 45 minutes, 29 seconds | Microgravity Science Laboratory-1 (reflight of STS-83) |
| 12 | Columbia | STS-87 | November 19, 1997 | 15 days, 16 hours, 35 minutes, 1 second | United States Microgravity Payload-4 SPARTAN-201 |
| 13 | Columbia | STS-90 | April 17, 1998 | 15 days, 21 hours, 50 minutes, 58 seconds | Neurolab |
| 14 | Columbia | STS-107 | January 16, 2003 | 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes, 32 seconds | SPACEHAB Research Double Module FREESTAR, Lost in Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster |
Then, the assembled Space Shuttle vehicle is carried to the launch pad by a large tracked vehicle called the crawler-transporter. At the launch pad, final preflight and interface checks of the orbiter, its payloads and associated ground support equipment are conducted. Orbiter download mirror. Files hosted by orbiter-radio.co.uk. High-resolution texture packs. This texture repository contains high-resolution replacements of the planetary surface textures and elevation maps for Earth, Moon, Mars and some additional solar system objects. The shuttle arm has been updated to automatic control and displays similar to the SSRMS arm associated with the ISS fleet released as a separate package. This version has been compiled against the latest Orbiter version and Orbitersound V3.0. Included in this package is V3.9.3 of the Shuttle Training Aircraft and the latest version of the GPCMFD. So I've recently decided to retry orbiter 2010 and I was going to download shuttle fleet due to it being required by a mod but it appears to be missing.
The Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) program was a project by NASA to prepare for long-term (months) microgravity research aboard Space Station Freedom, which later evolved into the International Space Station. Scientists and NASA needed practical experience in managing progressively longer times for their experiments. The original Space Shuttle configuration usually provided a week to ten days of spaceflight. Several research projects and hardware components were part of the project, of which the EDO-pallet was one of the most visible, contracted by Rockwell International.[1]
The first orbiter outfitted with the EDO hardware configuration was Endeavour, during its construction, and its last EDO flight was STS-67, in 1995.[1][2]Endeavour's EDO modifications were removed in 1996 as part of routine maintenance, to reduce the orbiter's weight prior to STS-89.[1]Columbia was outfitted for EDO flight during its maintenance period from August 10, 1991, through February 9, 1992, prior to STS-50, which was the first EDO flight.[2][3] From 1992, through 1994, Atlantis went through a maintenance period, during which Atlantis was modified to have the provisions needed for EDO capability, but NASA chose not to proceed with the final modifications, and Atlantis never had EDO capability.[1] The EDO-pallet used in these orbiter configurations was destroyed in the Columbia accident.
EDO Pallet[edit]
The Extended Duration Orbiter Cryogenic kit (EDO-pallet or CRYO) was a 15-foot-diameter (4.6 m) equipment assembly which attached vertically to the payload bay rear bulkhead of an orbiter, and allowed the orbiter to support a flight of up to 16 days duration.[1] The equipment included cryogenic tanks, associated control panels, and avionics equipment. Although Atlantis was partially upgraded to accommodate the EDO, only Columbia and Endeavour actually flew with the pallet. The pallet made its debut on STS-50, and was lost on STS-107.[4]
Initially, NASA considered adding a second EDO pallet to Endeavour, placed in front of the first, for a total of thirteen tank sets, that would have allowed an orbiter to remain in space for 28 days, but managers decided against it when the International Space Station assembly began, and instead removed the EDO capability from the orbiter, to reduce its weight and allow it to carry more cargo to the ISS.[1][5]
No replacement for the pallet was planned, since the Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System provided much of the same abilities, and the 2011 retirement of the shuttle fleet made it redundant.
Specifications[edit]
The EDO tanks stored 368 pounds (167 kg) of liquid hydrogen at -418 degrees Fahrenheit (-250 °C), and 3,124 pounds (1,417 kg) of liquid oxygen at -285 degrees Fahrenheit (-176 °C). Total empty weight of the system was 3,571 pounds (1,620 kg). When filled with cryogens, the system weight was approximately 7,000 pounds (3.2 t).[1][6]
Use[edit]
Oxygen and hydrogen were supplied to the orbiter's three electrical power generating fuel cells, where they were converted into sufficient electrical energy to support the average 4 family-member house for approximately 6 months.[clarification needed] About 3,000 pounds of pure drinking water was also produced by the fuel cells.
Missions with the EDO pallet conducted research on microgravity, Life Sciences, Earth and celestial observations, and human adaptation to the low gravity environment.
The following missions used the EDO pallet:
| EDO Flight | Shuttle | Mission | Launch Date | Duration | Primary Payload(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Columbia | STS-50 | June 25, 1992 | 13 days, 19 hours, 30 minutes, 4 seconds | United States Microgravity Laboratory-1 |
| 2 | Columbia | STS-58 | October 18, 1993 | 14 days, 0 hours, 12 minutes, 32 seconds | Spacelab Life Sciences-2 |
| 3 | Columbia | STS-62 | March 4, 1994 | 13 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes, 41 seconds | United States Microgravity Payload-2 |
| 4 | Columbia | STS-65 | July 8, 1994 | 14 days, 17 hours, 55 minutes, 1 second | International Microgravity Laboratory-2 |
| 5 | Endeavour | STS-67 | March 2, 1995 | 16 days, 15 hours, 8 minutes, 48 seconds | ASTRO-2 |
| 6 | Columbia | STS-73 | October 20, 1995 | 15 days, 21 hours, 53 minutes, 16 seconds | United States Microgravity Laboratory-2 |
| 7 | Columbia | STS-75 | February 22, 1996 | 15 days, 17 hours, 40 minutes, 22 seconds | Tethered Satellite System-1R (reflight of Tethered Satellite System-1 on STS-46) United States Microgravity Payload-3 |
| 8 | Columbia | STS-78 | June 20, 1996 | 16 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes, 30 seconds | Life and Microgravity Spacelab |
| 9 | Columbia | STS-80 | November 19, 1996 | 17 days, 15 hours, 53 minutes, 18 seconds | Wake Shield Facility ORFEUS-SPAS II |
| 10 | Columbia | STS-83 | April 4, 1997 | 3 days, 23 hours, 13 minutes, 38 seconds | Microgravity Science Laboratory-1 (Mission ended early due to a problem with one of Columbia's fuel cells.[7]) |
| 11 | Columbia | STS-94 | July 1, 1997 | 15 days, 16 hours, 45 minutes, 29 seconds | Microgravity Science Laboratory-1 (reflight of STS-83) |
| 12 | Columbia | STS-87 | November 19, 1997 | 15 days, 16 hours, 35 minutes, 1 second | United States Microgravity Payload-4 SPARTAN-201 |
| 13 | Columbia | STS-90 | April 17, 1998 | 15 days, 21 hours, 50 minutes, 58 seconds | Neurolab |
| 14 | Columbia | STS-107 | January 16, 2003 | 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes, 32 seconds | SPACEHAB Research Double Module FREESTAR, Lost in Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster |
EDO medical project[edit]
Prior to the EDO project, no shuttle had flown a mission longer than 10 days. Since space travelers may faint when they stand up (orthostatic intolerance) after returning to normal gravity even after short flights, and muscle strength may be reduced, the EDOMP project focused on ensuring that the crew could land the orbiter, and exit from it without help after a 16-day flight. Astronauts on 40 shuttle flights (STS-32 through STS-72) participated in 36 EDOMP investigations. The results of these investigations were used to make rules and recommendations for 16-day flights. Several types of exercise devices (i.e. a treadmill, a cycle ergometer, and a rower) were among the devices and procedures developed to prevent the de-conditioning of the body that occurs during space flight. The crew transport vehicles, in which astronauts were transported after landing, were built to enhance medical capabilities at the landing site, as well as crew comfort and safety. A database of 125 formal publications, and 299 abstracts, technical papers, and presentations, also resulted from the EDOMP.[8] The project saw its successor in the ISS Medical Project.[9]
Run malware scan on mac. Scan with Malwarebytes for Mac. With Malwarebytes for Mac, you can run a Threat Scan whenever your computer is turned on. Scheduled scans are available for the Malwarebytes for Mac Premium and Trial versions. After a scan finishes, you have the option to view a detailed scan report. Open Malwarebytes for Mac. Scans the average Mac in under 30 seconds. Run the malware scanner in the background while you boot up your favorite game and it's done by the time you're ready to play. You can even customize your. Next, we'll set up Keyboard Maestro to automatically run our malware scan once a month. Launch Keyboard Maestro, if you haven't already, and click File - New Macro. Give your new macro a name. Protect your Mac from malware. MacOS has many features that help protect your Mac and your personal information from malicious software, or malware. One common way malware is distributed is. Apple introduced malware detection to the Mac OS with Snow Leopard (Mac OS 10.6). This system consists of the quarantine of any app downloaded from the Internet, the.
Other EDO projects and studies[edit]
- Manual Apparel Cleaning System - A system for laundering selected items of clothing.[10]
- An automated Fault Detection, Isolation, and Reconfiguration-system (FDIR) that would support the shuttles for up to 28 days.[11]
- Extended Duration Orbiter Waste Collection System.[12] A similar system was later added to ISS as the ISS Waste Collector Subsystem.[13]
- Extended Duration Orbiter Regenerable CO2 Removal System.[12]
- Medical Extended Medical Enterprise (MEME).[14]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abcdefgJenkins, Dennis R. (2001). Space Shuttle: The History of the National Space Transportation System. Cape Canaveral, Fla. pp. Pages 393, 437, 438. ISBN0-9633974-5-1.
- ^ abNASA PAO (2007). 'List of Extended Duration Missions'. NASA. Archived from the original on June 23, 2006. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ^NASA (1992). 'STS-50'. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ^NASA. 'Overview of STS–107 Mission and Key Research - FS-2002-06-107-MSFC'(PDF). NASA. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
- ^NASA (1992-03-03). 'Artist concept cutaway view of OV-105 docked with Space Station Freedom (SSF)'. NASA. Archived from the original on 2009-09-17. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
- ^NASA (2007). 'STS-87'. NASA. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ^NASA (2001). 'STS-83'. NASA. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
- ^Johnson Space Center, NASA. 'Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project (EDOMP)'. NASA. Archived from the original on 2008-10-04. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
- ^NASA (July 17, 2007). 'ISS Medical Project'. NASA. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
- ^NASA. 'Manual Apparel Cleaning System for Extended- Duration-Orbiter Shuttle Missions'. NASA. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ^Rejai, B.; Zeilingold, D.; Rehagen, S. (1992). '28-day extended-duration orbiter automated fault detection, isolation, and recovery concept definition and proof-of-concept development'. Harvard University. Bibcode:1992aiaa.meetZ..R.Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ^ abJames E. Atwater (1996). 'Life Support Systems: Mercury to Shuttle'. Oregon State University. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ^NASA POA (June 22, 2001). 'International Space Station Waste Collector Subsystem Refurbishment DTO 692'. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
- ^NASA. 'Bioastronautics Contract: Example Task Orders'(.doc). NASA. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
External links[edit]
- 'Extended Duration Missions'. NASA.
Orbiter 2010 Shuttle Fleet Download Utorrent
Orbiter is a unique flight simulator that lets users launch manned or unmanned flights into space. They can dock with space stations, repair satellites, and land on planets. The vast reaches of our solar system are open for Orbiter fans to explore. The system lets users compress time to shorten long adventures.
Space flight is accurately modeled; past missions can be recreated and new projects planned and launched. Pilots can spend hours launching payloads from Kennedy Space Center, visiting the International Space Center, or picking their way through the rocky rings of Saturn on a Delta-glider.
This is not a demo, it is a completely free (freeware) fully featured simulator.
New Version
This package has now been updated to the latest version (2016) edition. This is the latest version released by the developer and also works with the latest version of Windows 10. The package is quite a bit larger than the original release.
Shuttle Orbiter Construction Kit
Shows the Nasa Space Shuttle in orbit over the Earth in the latest version of the Orbiter space flight simulator for Windows.
Orbiter was created in 2000 by developer Martin Schweiger. At the time, he wanted a simulator that accurately reflected physics-oriented flight modeling. The most recent version was released in August of 2010. Orbiter is freeware, not open-source. The core code cannot be altered. However, developers can create add-ons like new spacecraft using the Orbiter Software Development Kit. It provides code libraries, sample code, utilities and documentation needed to produce original designs. There is a special add-on forum at the Orbiter site to help programmers get started on the right foot.
An excellent teaching tool, Orbiter is used by many science, math, and technology classes to help illustrate diverse subjects from space flight to trigonometry. To get the most out of Orbiter, it helps to have some knowledge of orbital mechanics. Robert A. Braeunig's Rocket and Space Technology website (http://www.braeunig.us/space/index.htm) is designed for space travel aficionados who desire to learn more than the basics but want to avoid complex concepts and theories.
Information for the Orbiter Wiki page:
Orbiter is a freeware space flight simulator program developed to allow users to operate simulated spacecraft using a detailed and realistic flight model. The developer, Martin Schweiger, felt that space flight simulators at the time were lacking in realistic physics based flight models and decided to write a simulator that made learning physics concepts enjoyable.
The simulator was first released on 27 November 2000 and several new versions have been released, with the most recent version 100830 released for free download on 30 August 2010.
Orbiter has now been used as a teaching aid in classrooms, and a large community of add-on developers has created a multitude of add-ons to allow users to fly assorted real and fictional spacecraft and adding new planets or solar systems.
Orbiter incorporates planetary motion, space physics, and gravitation. Users will find it takes some experimentation to get used to how these dynamics affect space travel. Once mastered, navigation becomes smoother and easier.
Spacecraft
Orbiter has both realistic and fictional spacecraft. Newer users find the fictional craft easier to pilot. They are also able to travel to distant parts of the solar system conventional vehicles cannot reach. The solar system consists of the sun, planets and large moons. The core product has no comets or asteroids. However, they can be included with an available add-on.
Using the keyboard or mouse, pilots interact with two Multi-function displays and one Head-Up Display. Developers can create custom controls, instruments, and virtual cockpits. Advanced players can incorporate TrackIR which allows Orbiter to follow their head movements and display the corresponding view.
Compatibility
Orbiter is Windows-only software, compatible with Windows 98/2000/XP/Vista/Win7 and Windows 10. The developers recommend a minimum of 4 GB RAM. Limewire download free music. Users will also need a DirectX compatible graphics card sporting at least 64MB of memory.
Realistic Approach
From its inception, Orbiter was developed to be a realistic simulator. Pilots are able to experience accurate planetary motion, free space travel, gravitation, and orbital decay. Advanced planetary system models are used to portray the positions of the Earth, Moon and planets in the solar system realistically.
Orbiter's commitment to realism is reflected in the real spacecraft and space stations in the package. They include the Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Station Mir, International Space Station, Hubble Space Telescope, and the Long Duration Exposure Facility Satellite. In addition to the real machines, Orbiter has fictional vessels including the Delta-glider space plane; Shuttle-A, a space freighter; Shuttle-PB, a small spacecraft; Dragonfly, a manned space tug; Luna-OB1, a space station inspired by the station featured in '2001: A Space Odyssey'; and Carina, a small payload satellite.
Developers have used Orbiter's API to create extensive add-ons including spacecraft from the American Mercury and Apollo programs as well as the Soviet Vostok series. In addition to the spacecraft and stations previously listed, users have also developed new planetary bases and entire solar systems.
Enterprising Developers
Some users love the multiple ways to add features missing from the core package. For example, there is no sound capability in Orbiter out of the box. Several enterprising developers created 'OrbiterSound,' and add-on with engine sounds, cabin noise, radio signals, and even mp3 music.
Other users love Orbiter's gorgeous graphics and immersive experience. One fan said Orbiter was 'closest to the old inner kid dream ‘being an astronaut' I'll ever be,' and provides a 'sandbox the size of the solar system that let me free of doing whatever scenario I imagine.' (Orbiter-forum.com).
